Immunohistochemical clarification of the reparative process specificity after allogernioplasty using platelet-rich plasma in a chronic experiment

Introduction. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) / Autologous Conditioned Plasma (АСР) therapy is currently widely used in various fields of medicine due to effects of bioactive molecules involved in healing processes. The aim of study was to evaluate the characteristics of scar formation after allografting with ACP mesh processing.

Aim. To investigate the effects of ASR on scar formation after allohernioplasty.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 5 pigs (Large White): n = 3 with ACP processing, n = 2 without ACP processing, as well as on 26 Wistar rats: n = 14 with ACP processing, n = 10 without ACP processing, and 2 rats for blood sampling and ACP production. In pig biopsies, IHC was performed on days 7, 14, and 21 of the postoperative period. The expression of TGFβ1, VEGF, Col3, fibronectin, CD45, CD68, CD3, and CD20 was studied to assess the vascular, fibrillar, and cellular components at different healing stages. In rats, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-9) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1) was assessed on days 7 and 21 after surgery.

Results. Biopsies taken from the pigs with ACP using showed prominent VEGF expression and a more abundant vascular network in the peri-implant zone. A decrease in CD45 expression (an indicator of shortening of the active inflammation phase) was noted; more prominent expression of CD68 and CD3, TGFβ1, as well as fibronectin and collagen III was noted. In biopsies taken from the rats with ACP using, prominent MMP expression was noted at the early stages of regeneration in association with moderate TIMP expression, as well aslower MMP expression in thelater stages of healing, which predetermines mild fibrosis. Recruitment and activation of macrophages andlymphocytes, active angiogenesis, early formation of granulation tissue, marked dominance of type III collagen, protease-fibrotic balance (regulation of lysis and synthesis processes) in the scar formation zone are factors that ensure “delicate” fibrosis.

Conclusion. The using of ACP increases the speed and quality of the reparative process and reduces the area of the forming scar.

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