Foreign bodies of the distal digestive tube: The current state of the problem

The article discusses important aspects related to the treatment of patients with foreign bodies in the distal digestive tube. The most significant foreign and domestic sources were analyzed through the search engines https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, https://www.elibrary.ru/ и https://cyberleninka.ru/ using keywords and their combinations: "foreign body", "foreign object", "large intestine", "rectum", "distal digestive tract", "distal digestive tract", "distal gastrointestinal tract". Recently, there has been a tendency towards an increase in observations of foreign bodies in the distal part of the digestive tract. Often, with incorrectly chosen treatment tactics or when patients seek medical help late, the presence of a foreign body can cause serious complications, which requires increased attention from medical workers. The review covers a discussion of a wide range of problems encountered in the treatment of this group of patients. The key points of the classification are presented, the main causes of entry and symptoms in patients with the presence of foreign objects in the colon are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the features of diagnosis and treatment (from manual extraction of a foreign object through the anus to laparotomy with colotomy) of victims with foreign bodies in the distal gastrointestinal tract. The principles of patient care after removal of a foreign object were discussed. Despite the progress achieved in solving numerous issues, the problems of diagnosis and choice of treatment tactics in the presence of foreign bodies in the distal gastrointestinal tract remain relevant and require further study to improve patient treatment outcomes.

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