Thrombophlebitis (superficial veins thrombosis): modern standards of diagnostics and therapy

Thrombophlebitis (inflammation and thrombosis of superficial veins of any localization) is a frequent pathologic state. In the special literature they use notions varicothrom-bophlebitis for designation of thrombosis and inflammation of the varicose vein as well as phlebitis - inflammation of the superficial vein without thrombosis. A traditional error is idea of thrombophlebitis as of local, self-limited process that as opposed to deep vein thrombosis has no serious dangers for life and health of patients. This position is a profound mistake hrombophlebitis (inflammation and thrombosis of superficial veins of any localization) is a frequent pathologic state. In the special literature they use notions varicothrom-bophlebitis for designation of thrombosis and inflammation of the varicose vein as well as phlebitis - inflammation of the superficial vein without thrombosis. A traditional error is idea of thrombophlebitis as of local, self-limited process that as opposed to deep vein thrombosis has no serious dangers for life and health of patients. This position is a profound mistake

тромбофлебит, факторы риска, тромбоз глубоких вен, тромбоэмболия легочной артерии, лечение, низкомолекулярные гепарины, исследование RASET, ривароксабан, thrombophlebitis, risk factors, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary artery thromboembolia, therapy, low-molecular heparins, RASETstudy, Rivaroxaban

1. Decousus H, Quere I, Presles E, Becker F, Barrellier MT, Chanut M, Gillet JL, Guenneguez H, Leandri C, Mismetti P, Pichot O, Leizorovicz A. Superficial venous thrombosis and venous thromboembolism: a large, prospective epidemiologic study. Ann Intern Med, 2010, 152(4): 218-224.

2. Karathanos C, Exarchou M, Tsezou A, Kyriakou D, Wittens C, Giannoukas A. Factors associated with the development of superficial vein thrombosis in patients with varicose veins. Thromb Res, 2013, 132(1): 47-50.

3. Decousus H, Bertoletti L, Frappe P. Spontaneous acute superficial vein thrombosis of the legs: do we really need to treat? J Thromb Haemost. 2015, 13(Suppl 1): 230-237.

4. Galanaud JP, Genty C, Sevestre MA, Brisot D, Lausecker M, Gillet JL, Rolland C, Righini M, Leftheriotis G, Bosson JL, Quere I.Predictive factors for concurrent deep-vein thrombosis and symptomatic venous thromboembolic recurrence in case of superficial venous thrombosis. The OPTIMEV study. Thromb Haemost. 2011, 105(1): 31-39.

5. Frappe P, Buchmuller-Cordier A, Bertoletti L, Bonithon-Kopp C, Couzan S, Lafond P, Leizorovicz A, Merah A, Presles E, Preynat P, Tardy B, Decousus H. Annual diagnosis rate of superficial vein thrombosis of the lower limbs: the STEPH community based study. J Thromb Haemost, 2014, 12(6): 831-838.

6. STENOX study group. A pilot randomized double-blind comparison of a low-molecular-weight heparin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, and placebo in the treatment of super- ficial vein thrombosis. Arch Intern Med, 2003, 163(14): 1657-1663.

7. Prandoni P, Tormene D, Pesavento R. High vs. low doses of low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of superficial vein thrombosis of the legs: a double-blind, randomized trial. J Thromb Haemost, 2005, 3(6): 1152-1157.

8. Gillet J-L. Management of superficial vein thrombosis of the lower limbs: update and current recommendations. Phlebolymphology, 2015, 22: 82-89.

9. Kearon C, Akl EA, Ornelas J et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest, 2016;149(2): 315-352.

10. Decousus H, Prandoni P, Mismetti P, Bauersachs RM, Boda Z, Brenner B, Laporte S, Matyas L, Middeldorp S, Sokurenko G, Leizorovicz A. Fondaparinux for the treatment of super- ficial-vein thrombosis in the legs. N Engl J Med. 2010, 363(13): 1222-1232.

11. Cosmi B, Filippini M, Tonti D, Avruscio G, Ghirarduzzi A, Bucherini E, Camporese G, Imberti D, Palareti G. A randomized double-blind study of low-molecular-weight heparin (parnaparin) for superficial vein thrombosis: STEFLUX (Superficial ThromboEmbolism and Fluxum). J Thromb Haemost, 2012, 10(6): 1026-1035.

12. Blondon M, Righini M, Bounameaux H, Veenstra DL. Fondaparinux for isolated superficial-vein thrombosis of the legs: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Chest, 2011, 141(2): 321-329.

13. Werth S, Bauersachs R, Gerlach H, Rabe E, Schellong S, Beyer-Westerndorf J. Superficial vein thrombosis treated for 45 days with rivaroxaban versus fondaparinux: rationale and design of the SURPRISE trial. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2016, 42: 197-204.

14. Einstein-Investigators Bauersachs R, Berkowitz SD, Brenner B, Buller HR, Decousus H, Gallus AS, Lensing AW, Misselwitz F, Prins MH, Raskob GE, Segers A, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Bounameaux H, Cohen A, Davidson BL, Piovella F, Schellong S. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med, 2010, 363(26): 2499-2510.

15. Einstein-PE-Investigators Buller HR, Prins MH, Lensin AW, Decousus H, Jacobson BF, Minar E, Chlumsky J, Verhamme P, Wells P, Agnelli G, Cohen A, Berkowitz SD, Bounameaux H, Davidson BL, Misselwitz F, Gallus AS, Raskob GE, Schellong S, Segers A. Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med, 2012, 366(14): 1287-1297.