asurgeryАмбулаторная хирургияAmbulatornaya khirurgiya = Ambulatory Surgery (Russia)2712-87412782-2591ООО «ГРУППА РЕМЕДИУМ»10.21518/akh2026-014asurgery-642Research ArticleОБМЕН ОПЫТОМEXCHANGE OF EXPERIENCE | PRACTICEЭволюция сосудистых протезов: от древности до современной эпохиEvolution of vascular grafts: From antiquity to the contemporary erahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1140-0806ПопельГ. А.PopelG. A.

Попель Геннадий Адольфович, к.м.н., доцент, заведующий лабораторией хирургии сосудов

220036, Минск, ул. Р. Люксембург, д. 110б

Gennadiy A. Popel, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory

110b, R. Luxemburg St., Minsk, 220036

hpopel@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5403-7464МоисеенкоИ. А.MaiseyenkaI. A.

Моисеенко Иван Александрович, врач-ангиохирург, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории хирургии сосудов

220036, Минск, ул. Р. Люксембург, д. 110б

Ivan A. Maiseyenka, Vascular Surgeon, Researcher at Vascular Surgery Research Laboratory

110b, R. Luxemburg St., Minsk, 220036

i.mois_19@mail.ruРеспубликанский научно-практический центр «Кардиология»БеларусьRepublican Scientific and Practical Center of CardiologyBelarus202607062026231225234Copyright © Попель Г.А., Моисеенко И.А., 20262026Попель Г.А., Моисеенко И.А.Popel G.A., Maiseyenka I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.a-surgeon.ru/jour/article/view/642

Сосудистые протезы представляют собой неотъемлемый элемент реконструктивной сердечно-сосудистой хирургии. Актуальной задачей современной медицины по-прежнему остается поиск оптимальных пластических материалов и разработка новых образцов сосудистых трансплантатов. Исторический путь развития сосудистой хирургии охватывает переход от имплантаций первых экспериментальных трубчатых конструкций из стекла, кости и металлов к созданию высокотехнологичных синтетических, биологических и тканеинженерных графтов. В обзоре представлены ключевые этапы внедрения сосудистых протезов в клиническую практику, приведены результаты доклинических и клинических исследований, а также обозначены существующие ограничения и нерешенные вопросы. Акцентировано внимание на соответствие протезов биомеханическим свойствам нативных сосудов, их тромбои иммунорезистентности, а также устойчивости к инфекционным осложнениям. Отдельно рассмотрены современные образцы сосудистых протезов с анализом их характеристик, преимуществ и недостатков. Перспективы создания сосудистых трансплантатов малого диаметра связываются с развитием технологий трехмерной биопечати и созданием индивидуализированных графтов, максимально приближенных по структуре и функциональным свойствам к естественным тканям организма. Для подготовки обзора был проведен систематический поиск публикаций в международных электронных базах данных PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, а также в специализированных ресурсах Cochrane Library и отечественных электронных библиотечных системах. Поиск осуществлялся по ключевым словам: vascular grafts, prosthetic vascular implants, homografts, Dacron, PTFE, tissue engineering, small diameter vascular grafts. В результате поиска было выявлено 604 публикации. После анализа заголовков и аннотаций для дальнейшего рассмотрения были отобраны 412 источников. Из них исключены 338 статей ввиду несоответствия критериям включения (отсутствие релевантных исторических данных, наличие дублирующего материала). После окончательной оценки соответствия критериям включения в итоговый анализ вошли 72 статьи. Из них 5 публикаций использованы для подготовки раздела «Введение», а оставшиеся 67 – для написания основных разделов обзора.

Vascular grafts represent an integral element of reconstructive cardiovascular surgery. The search for optimal plastic materials and the development of new vascular grafts remain pressing tasks of modern medicine. The historical path of vascular surgery encompasses the transition from implanting the first experimental tubular structures made of glass, bone, and metals to the creation of high tech synthetic, biological, and tissue-engineered grafts. This review presents the key stages of introducing vascular grafts into clinical practice, summarizes the results of preclinical and clinical studies, and outlines existinglimitations and unresolved issues. Particular attention is paid to the compliance of grafts with the biomechanical properties of native vessels, their thromboand immunoresistance, as well as their durability against infectious complications. Modern vascular grafts are examined separately, with analysis of their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. The prospects for creating small diameter vascular grafts are associated with the development of three-dimensional bioprinting technologies and the design of individualized grafts that closely approximate the structure and functional properties of the body’s natural tissues. For the preparation of this review, a systematic search was conducted in international electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, as well as in specialized resources such as the Cochrane Library and domestic electroniclibrary systems. The search was performed using the following keywords: vascular grafts, prosthetic vascular grafts, homografts, Dacron, PTFE, tissue engineering, and small-diameter vascular grafts. In total, 604 publications were identified. After analyzing titles and abstracts, 412 sources were selected for further consideration. Of these, 338 articles were excluded due to non-compliance with the inclusion criteria (lack of relevant historical data or duplication of material). Following the final eligibility assessment, 72 articles were included in the analysis. Of these, 5 publications were used in the preparation of the Introduction section, while the remaining 67 were employed in the development of the main sections of the study.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.