asurgeryАмбулаторная хирургияAmbulatornaya khirurgiya = Ambulatory Surgery (Russia)2712-87412782-2591ООО «ГРУППА РЕМЕДИУМ»10.21518/akh2025-038asurgery-559Research ArticleОБМЕН ОПЫТОМEXCHANGE OF EXPERIENCE | PRACTICEЭкспериментальное исследование эффективности выкраивания кожно-жирового лоскута под контролем люминесцентной спектроскопииExperimental study of the effectiveness of cutting out a skin-fat flap under the control of luminescent spectroscopyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-2551ВагановА. Г.VaganovA. G.

Ваганов Алексей Геннадьевич, к.м.н., доцент кафедры госпитальной хирургии Медицинской академии,

360004, Кабардино-Балкарская Республика, Нальчик, ул. Чернышевского, д. 173

Aleksey G. Vaganov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Hospital Surgery, Medical Academy

173, Chernyshevsky St., Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, 360004

aleksejvaganov4@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3679-520XШоноА. А.ShonoA. A.

Шоно Арсби Ахмат, заведующий кафедрой международного медицинского образования Медицинского института,

364093, Чеченская Республика, Грозный, ул. Шарипова, д. 32

Arsby A. Shono, Head of the Department of International Medical Education, Medical Institute

32, Sharipov St., Grozny, Chechen Republic, 364093

shonoarsby@yahoo.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7051-0917АслановА. Д.AslanovA. D.

Асланов Ахмед Дзонович, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной хирургии Медицинской академии,

360004, Кабардино-Балкарская Республика, Нальчик, ул. Чернышевского, д. 173

Akhmed D. Aslanov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery, Medical Academy

173, Chernyshevsky St., Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, 360004

dr-aslanov1967@mail.ruКабардино-Балкарский государственный университет имени Х.М. БербековаРоссияKabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. BerbekovRussian FederationЧеченский государственный университет имени А.А. КадыроваРоссияKadyrov Chechen State UniversityRussian Federation202525112025222172181Copyright © Ваганов А.Г., Шоно А.А., Асланов А.Д., 20252025Ваганов А.Г., Шоно А.А., Асланов А.Д.Vaganov A.G., Shono A.A., Aslanov A.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.a-surgeon.ru/jour/article/view/559Введение

Введение. В настоящее время в различных областях хирургии является актуальным совершенствование техник выкраивания кожных лоскутов.

Цель

Цель. Оценить эффективность выкраивания кожного лоскута под контролем люминесцентной спектроскопии в эксперименте.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проспективное нерандомизированное прямое исследование проводилось на 17 беспородных кроликах на базе экспериментального вивария Кабардино-Балкарского университета с марта по апрель 2025 г. На первом этапе выполнялась отсепаровка кожи на животе длиной 12 см. После ее экспозиции выполнялась тотальная биопсия, изготавливались гистологические препараты с дальнейшей морфометрией. Полученные показатели сопоставлялись с интенсивностью люминесценции. На втором этапе были прооперированы 14 беспородных кроликов, разделенных на равные группы. 1-й группе после отсепаровки лоскута проводилась его фиксация на прежнее место без укорочения, 2-й группе выполнялось укорочение выкроенного лоскута под люминесцентным контролем. Продолжительность эксперимента составила 21 день. Оценивались клинико-лабораторная динамика, количество и площадь гнойных осложнений. Для статистической обработки данных использовали программное обеспечение SPSS 17.0.

Результаты

Результаты. При амплитуде сигнала в 0,95 ± 0,15 × 105 фотонов в микропрепаратах отмечалась минимальная площадь некрозов. В контрольной группе отмечено нагноение раны у 5 животных (площадь – 4,35 ± 0,11 см2), в опытной группе – у 2 (площадь – 1,34 ± 0,14 см2, р = 0,005). Некроза кожного лоскута в опытной группе не отмечалось. При биопсии раны с морфометрией гистологических препаратов на 21-е сут. выявлено более интенсивное развитие соединительной ткани в опытной группе и большая выраженность местного воспаления в группе контроля. На секции животных после выведения из эксперимента в группе контроля выявлены признаки острого сепсиса.

Выводы

Выводы. Использование метода ультрафиолетовой люминесцентной спектроскопии является эффективным при определении границ выкраивания кожно-жирового лоскута у кроликов.

Introduction

Introduction. Currently, improvement of skin flap cutting techniques is relevant in various fields of surgery.

Aim

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of cutting out a skin flap under the control ofluminescent spectroscopy in an experiment.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. A prospective, non-randomized, direct study was conducted on 17 mongrel rabbits at the experimental vivarium of Kabardino-Balkarian University from March to April 2025. The first step was to separate the skin on the abdomen with alength of 12 cm. After its exposure, a total biopsy was performed, histological preparations with further morphometry were made. The obtained values were compared with theluminescence intensity. In the second stage, 14 mongrel rabbits were operated on, divided into equal groups. In the 1st group, after peeling off the flap, it was fixed to its original place without shortening, in the 2nd group, the cut flap was shortened under luminescent control. The duration of the experiment was 21 days. The clinical andlaboratory dynamics, the number and area of purulent complications were evaluated. The SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical data processing.

Results

Results. With a signal amplitude of 0.95 ± 0.15 × 105 photons, the micro-preparations showed a minimal area of necrosis. In the control group, wound suppuration was noted in 5 animals (area – 4.35 ± 0.11 cm2 ), in 2 animals from the experimental group (area – 1.34 ± 0.14 cm2 , p = 0.005). Necrosis of the skin flap was not observed in the experimental group. A biopsy of the wound with morphometry of histological preparations on day 21 revealed a more intensive development of connective tissue in the experimental group and a greater severity of local inflammation in the control group. After withdrawal from the experiment, signs of acute sepsis were detected in the control group in the section of animals.

Conclusions

Conclusions. The use of ultraviolet luminescent spectroscopy is effective in determining the boundaries of the cutout of the skin-fat flap in rabbits.

люминесцентная спектроскопиякожно-жировой лоскутгнойная ранаабдоминопластиканекроз кожиточная хирургияфлюорофорыluminescent spectroscopyskin-fat flappurulent woundabdominoplastyskin necrosisprecision surgeryfluorophoresReferencesAlves M, Mendes M, Valença-Filipe R, Rebelo M, Peres H, Costa-Ferreira A. Long Drainers After Abdominoplasty: A Risk Analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2025;49(9):2525–2533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04773-4.Alves M, Mendes M, Valença-Filipe R, Rebelo M, Peres H, Costa-Ferreira A. Long Drainers After Abdominoplasty: A Risk Analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2025;49(9):2525–2533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04773-4.Lovald ST, Topp SG, Ochoa JA, Gaball CW. Biomechanics of the monopedicle skin flap. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;149(6):858–864. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599813505836.Lovald ST, Topp SG, Ochoa JA, Gaball CW. Biomechanics of the monopedicle skin flap. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;149(6):858–864. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599813505836.Gibbons MS, Gruber PJ, Syed S, Sell SA, Carroll CJ, Maher IA. Mechanical Strain of the Trilobed Transposition Flap in Artificial Skin Models: Pivotal Restraint Decreases With Decreasing Rotational Angles. Dermatol Surg. 2021;47(1):30–33. https://doi.org/10.1097/DSS.0000000000002522.Gibbons MS, Gruber PJ, Syed S, Sell SA, Carroll CJ, Maher IA. Mechanical Strain of the Trilobed Transposition Flap in Artificial Skin Models: Pivotal Restraint Decreases With Decreasing Rotational Angles. Dermatol Surg. 2021;47(1):30–33. https://doi.org/10.1097/DSS.0000000000002522.Ha JH, Lee SY, Choi TH, Park SO. Surgical delay increases the survival of expanded random-pattern flap in pediatric patients. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):19204. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45852-3.Ha JH, Lee SY, Choi TH, Park SO. Surgical delay increases the survival of expanded random-pattern flap in pediatric patients. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):19204. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45852-3.Green C, Plyler D, Masadeh S, Bibbo C. Reconstructive Amputations of the Foot. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2021;38(1):17–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpm.2020.08.002.Green C, Plyler D, Masadeh S, Bibbo C. Reconstructive Amputations of the Foot. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2021;38(1):17–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpm.2020.08.002.Cheung LK, Skepastianos V, Kostopoulos E, Skepastianos G. “Nip and Tuck”: Training the Next Generation of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2025;13(1):e6470. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000006470.Cheung LK, Skepastianos V, Kostopoulos E, Skepastianos G. “Nip and Tuck”: Training the Next Generation of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2025;13(1):e6470. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000006470.Cannistrà C, Lori E, Arapis K, Gallo G, Varanese M, Pironi D et al. Abdominoplasty after massive weight loss. Safety preservation fascia technique and clinical outcomes in a large single series-comparative study. Front Surg. 2024;11:1337948. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2024.1337948.Cannistrà C, Lori E, Arapis K, Gallo G, Varanese M, Pironi D et al. Abdominoplasty after massive weight loss. Safety preservation fascia technique and clinical outcomes in a large single series-comparative study. Front Surg. 2024;11:1337948. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2024.1337948.Monteiro IA, de Sousa Barros A, Costa-Ferreira A. Postbariatric Abdominoplasty: A Comparative Study on Scarpa Fascia Preservation Versus Classical Technique. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2023;47(6):2511–2524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-023-03455-3.Monteiro IA, de Sousa Barros A, Costa-Ferreira A. Postbariatric Abdominoplasty: A Comparative Study on Scarpa Fascia Preservation Versus Classical Technique. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2023;47(6):2511–2524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-023-03455-3.Cristofari S, Halimi C, Van Dieren L, Stivala A, Lellouch AG, Janin A. Use of perfusion device for free flap salvage after ischemia in swine. Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 2024;69(5):376–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anplas.2024.07.004.Cristofari S, Halimi C, Van Dieren L, Stivala A, Lellouch AG, Janin A. Use of perfusion device for free flap salvage after ischemia in swine. Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 2024;69(5):376–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anplas.2024.07.004.Arellano JA, Comerci AJ, Liu HY, Alessandri Bonetti M, Nguyen VT, Parent B et al. Complications in Prolonged Intraoperative Ischemia Time in Free Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2025;49(5):1262–1270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-04382-7.Arellano JA, Comerci AJ, Liu HY, Alessandri Bonetti M, Nguyen VT, Parent B et al. Complications in Prolonged Intraoperative Ischemia Time in Free Flap Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2025;49(5):1262–1270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-024-04382-7.Golpanian S, Gerth DJ, Tashiro J, Thaller SR. Free Versus Pedicled TRAM Flaps: Cost Utilization and Complications. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2016;40(6):869–876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-016-0704-z.Golpanian S, Gerth DJ, Tashiro J, Thaller SR. Free Versus Pedicled TRAM Flaps: Cost Utilization and Complications. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2016;40(6):869–876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-016-0704-z.Sutcu M, Keskin M, Karacaoglan N. Abdominoplasty with “En block” removal of the skin island: a safe and fast approach. J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2022;56(3):160–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/2000656X.2021.1953040.Sutcu M, Keskin M, Karacaoglan N. Abdominoplasty with “En block” removal of the skin island: a safe and fast approach. J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2022;56(3):160–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/2000656X.2021.1953040.Graf R, de Araujo LR, Rippel R, Neto LG, Pace DT, Cruz GA. Lipoabdominoplasty: liposuction with reduced undermining and traditional abdominal skin flap resection. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2006;30(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-004-0084-7.Graf R, de Araujo LR, Rippel R, Neto LG, Pace DT, Cruz GA. Lipoabdominoplasty: liposuction with reduced undermining and traditional abdominal skin flap resection. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2006;30(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-004-0084-7.Sjöberg T, Numan A, de Weerd L. Liberal versus Modified Intraoperative Fluid Management in Abdominal-flap Breast Reconstructions. A Clinical Study. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2021;9(9):e3830. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000003830.Sjöberg T, Numan A, de Weerd L. Liberal versus Modified Intraoperative Fluid Management in Abdominal-flap Breast Reconstructions. A Clinical Study. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2021;9(9):e3830. https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000003830.Nelson JA, Fischer JP, Grover R, Mirzabeigi MN, Nelson P, Wes AM et al. Intraoperative perfusion management impacts postoperative outcomes: an analysis of 682 autologous breast reconstruction patients. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2015;68(2):175–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2014.10.002.Nelson JA, Fischer JP, Grover R, Mirzabeigi MN, Nelson P, Wes AM et al. Intraoperative perfusion management impacts postoperative outcomes: an analysis of 682 autologous breast reconstruction patients. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2015;68(2):175–183. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.bjps.2014.10.002.Бабкина АС. Лазер-индуцированная флуоресцентная спектроскопия в диагностике тканевой гипоксии (обзор). Общая реаниматология. 2019;15(6):50–61. https://doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2019-6-50-61.Babkina AS. Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy in the Diagnosis of Tissue Hypoxia (Review). Obshchaya Reanimatologiya. 2019;15(6):50–61. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2019-6-50-61.L, Petrizza L, Zaccheroni N. Luminescent Silica Nanoparticles Featuring Collective Processes for Optical Imaging. Top Curr Chem. 2016;370:1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22942-3_1.Rampazzo E, Prodi L, Petrizza L, Zaccheroni N. Luminescent Silica Nanoparticles Featuring Collective Processes for Optical Imaging. Top Curr Chem. 2016;370:1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22942-3_1.Burikov SA, Sarmanova OE, Fedyanina AA, Plastinin IV, Dolenko TA. A step towards versatile temperature luminescent nanosensor: Combination ofluminescent and time-resolved spectroscopy of NaYF4 :Yb3+/Tm3+ nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2025;334:125902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2025.125902.Burikov SA, Sarmanova OE, Fedyanina AA, Plastinin IV, Dolenko TA. A step towards versatile temperature luminescent nanosensor: Combination ofluminescent and time-resolved spectroscopy of NaYF4 :Yb3+/Tm3+ nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2025;334:125902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2025.125902.Zhang S, Qin S, Xiao Y, Liu Z, Hu X, Xiao Z et al. Near-infrared luminescent materials: a review of their practical applications and prospective advancements. Dalton Trans. 2025;54(17):6717–6740. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4dt03538k.Zhang S, Qin S, Xiao Y, Liu Z, Hu X, Xiao Z et al. Near-infrared luminescent materials: a review of their practical applications and prospective advancements. Dalton Trans. 2025;54(17):6717–6740. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4dt03538k.Тимурзиева АБ. Использование рaмaн-флуоресцентных технологий в ранней диагностике воспалительных и опухолевых заболеваний как часть стратегического направления формирования общественного здоровья и инструмент для повышения качества оказания медицинской помощи: обзор литературы. Лазерная медицина. 2021;25(4):42–50. https://doi.org/10.37895/2071-8004-2021-25-4-42-50.Timurzieva AB. Raman fluorescence technologies for early detection of inflammatory and oncological disorders as a part of public health strategy and a tool for improving the quality of medical care: a review. Laser Medicine. 2021;25(4):42–50. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.37895/2071-8004-2021-25-4-42-50.Tow DH, Chan CH, Howe JR, Ear PH. A luminescent sensor for investigating serotonin metabolism in neuroendocrine cancer. Surgery. 2024;175(3):726–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2023.09.018.Tow DH, Chan CH, Howe JR, Ear PH. A luminescent sensor for investigating serotonin metabolism in neuroendocrine cancer. Surgery. 2024;175(3):726–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2023.09.018.Lam SE, Mat Nawi SN, Abdul Sani SF, Khandaker MU, Bradley DA. Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy analysis of gamma irradiated human hair. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):7939. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86942-4.Lam SE, Mat Nawi SN, Abdul Sani SF, Khandaker MU, Bradley DA. Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy analysis of gamma irradiated human hair. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):7939. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86942-4.Pur MRK, Hosseini M, Faridbod F, Ganjali MR. Highly sensitive label-free electrochemiluminescence aptasensor for early detection of myoglobin, a biomarker for myocardial infarction. Microchim Acta. 2017;184:3529–3537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2385-y.Pur MRK, Hosseini M, Faridbod F, Ganjali MR. Highly sensitive label-free electrochemiluminescence aptasensor for early detection of myoglobin, a biomarker for myocardial infarction. Microchim Acta. 2017;184:3529–3537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2385-y.Inman JL, Wu Y, Chen L, Brydon E, Ghosh D, Wan KH et al. Long-term, non-invasive FTIR detection oflow-dose ionizing radiation exposure. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):6119. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56491-7.Inman JL, Wu Y, Chen L, Brydon E, Ghosh D, Wan KH et al. Long-term, non-invasive FTIR detection oflow-dose ionizing radiation exposure. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):6119. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56491-7.Shang L, Nienhaus GU. In Situ Characterization of Protein Adsorption onto Nanoparticles by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. Acc Chem Res. 2017;50(2):387–395. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00579.Shang L, Nienhaus GU. In Situ Characterization of Protein Adsorption onto Nanoparticles by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. Acc Chem Res. 2017;50(2):387–395. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00579.Wu KJ, Wu C, Chen F, Cheng SS, Ma DL, Leung CH. Time-Resolved Luminescent High-Throughput Screening Platform for Lysosomotropic Compounds in Living Cells. ACS Sens. 2021;6(1):166–174. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.0c02046.Wu KJ, Wu C, Chen F, Cheng SS, Ma DL, Leung CH. Time-Resolved Luminescent High-Throughput Screening Platform for Lysosomotropic Compounds in Living Cells. ACS Sens. 2021;6(1):166–174. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.0c02046.Еремеев АВ, Пикина АС, Владимирова ТВ, Богомазова АН. Методы оценки жизнеспособности клеток, культивируемых in vitro в 2D и 3D-структурах. Гены и клетки. 2023;18(1):5–21. https://doi.org/10.23868/gc312198.Eremeev AV, Pikina AS, Vladimirova TV, Bogomazova AN. Methods for assessing the viability of cells cultured in vitro in 2D and 3D structures. Genes and Cells. 2023;18(1):5–21. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.23868/gc312198.Афанасьева АН, Сапарова ВБ, Сельменских ТА, Макаренко ИЕ. Выбор оптимального метода детекции жизнеспособности клеточных культур для тестов на пролиферативную активность и цитотоксичность. Лабораторные животные для научных исследований. 2021;(2):16–24. https://doi.org/10.29296/2618723X-2021-02-03.Afanaseva AN, Saparova VB, Selmenskikh TA, Makarenko IE. Optimal choice method of detection of the viability of cell cultures for tests on proliferation and cytotoxicity. Laboratory Animals for Scientific Research. 2021;(2):16–24. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.29296/26187 23X-2021-02-03.Ваганов АГ, Кузнецов МР, Артыков АБ, Анисимова АВ, Насритдинходжаев АО. О точном определении уровня ампутации нижних конечностей с помощью фотолюминесцентной спектроскопии. Казанский медицинский журнал. 2025;106(1):129–138. https://doi.org/10.17816/KMJ642025.Vaganov AG, Kuznetsov MR, Artykov AB, Anisimova AV, Nasritdinkhodzhaev AO. Determining the precise level oflower limb amputation using photoluminescence spectroscopy. Kazan Medical Journal. 2025;106(1):129–138. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17816/KMJ642025.Илюхин ЕА, Булатов ВЛ, Гальченко МИ. Точность и воспроизводимость измерения площади фантомных поражений кожи неправильной формы с помощью мобильного приложения LesionMeter. Флебология. 2020;14(4):266–274. https://doi.org/10.17116/flebo202014041266.Ilyukhin EA, Bulatov VL, Galchenko MI. Reliability and Accuracy of Measuring the Surface Area of Phantom Skin Lesions with Lesionmeter Mobile Application. Flebologiya. 2020;14(4):266–274. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/flebo202014041266.Heuvelings DJI, Scheepers MHMC, Al-Difaie Z, Okamoto N, Diana M, Stassen LPS et al. Quantitative analysis of intestinal perfusion with indocyanine green (ICG) and methylene blue (MB) using a single clinically approved fluorescence imaging system: a demonstration in a porcine model. Surg Endosc. 2024;38(7):3556–3563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-024-10864-1.Heuvelings DJI, Scheepers MHMC, Al-Difaie Z, Okamoto N, Diana M, Stassen LPS et al. Quantitative analysis of intestinal perfusion with indocyanine green (ICG) and methylene blue (MB) using a single clinically approved fluorescence imaging system: a demonstration in a porcine model. Surg Endosc. 2024;38(7):3556–3563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-024-10864-1.Quang TT, Wei CF, Walsh SA, Papay FA, Liu Y. Real-time tissue perfusion assessment using fluorescence imaging topography scanning system: A preclinical investigation. Lasers Surg Med. 2022;54(7):994–1001. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.23560.Quang TT, Wei CF, Walsh SA, Papay FA, Liu Y. Real-time tissue perfusion assessment using fluorescence imaging topography scanning system: A preclinical investigation. Lasers Surg Med. 2022;54(7):994–1001. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.23560.Yeung TM. Fluorescence imaging in colorectal surgery. Surg Endosc. 2021;35(9):4956–4963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-021-08534-7.Yeung TM. Fluorescence imaging in colorectal surgery. Surg Endosc. 2021;35(9):4956–4963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-021-08534-7.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.