<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">asurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Амбулаторная хирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ambulatornaya khirurgiya = Ambulatory Surgery (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-8741</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-2591</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «ГРУППА РЕМЕДИУМ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/akh2025-020</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">asurgery-542</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОКТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROCTOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка эффективности крема-бальзама ланолинового в лечении ран анального канала: пилотное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of the efficacy of lanolin-based cream-balm in the treatment of anal canal wounds: A pilot study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-5817</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрицова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abritsova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абрицова Марьяна Владимировна, к.м.н., врач-колопроктолог, заведующая колопроктологическим отделением,</p><p>115191, Москва, ул. 3-я Рощинская, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maryana V. Abritsova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Coloproctologist, Сhief of Coloproctology  Department,</p><p>6, 3rd Roshinskay St., Moscow, 115191</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abritsovamv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5834-8873</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торчуа</surname><given-names>Н. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torchua</surname><given-names>N. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Торчуа Нина Рафаэльевна, к.м.н., врач-колопроктолог,</p><p>115191, Москва, ул. 3-я Рощинская, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina R. Torchua, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Coloproctologist,</p><p>6, 3rd Roshinskay St., Moscow, 115191</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.r.torchua@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Многопрофильная клиника «Реал Транс Хайр»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Multidisciplinary Clinic Real Trans Hair</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>179</fpage><lpage>188</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абрицова М.В., Торчуа Н.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абрицова М.В., Торчуа Н.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abritsova M.V., Torchua N.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.a-surgeon.ru/jour/article/view/542">https://www.a-surgeon.ru/jour/article/view/542</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Заживление ран анального канала и промежности после хирургических вмешательств – сложный процесс, часто сопровождающийся длительным восстановлением и риском формирования длительно не заживающих ран. Выделяют два этапа послеоперационной реабилитации, именно второй этап реабилитации является наиболее сложным для пациента и врача в связи с высокими рисками формирования длительно не заживающих ран, поэтому поиски новых препаратов для ведения послеоперационных ран анального канала и промежности являются актуальной проблемой.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить эффективность крема-бальзама ланолинового Суперлимф® в лечении ран анального канала и его практическое применение в послеоперационном периоде у пациентов с доброкачественными заболеваниями анального канала, прямой кишки и перианальной области.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В пилотное интервенционное несравнительное исследование включены 15 пациентов (средний возраст 39 ± 7 лет), перенесших геморроидэктомию. Начиная с 15-го дня после операции пациенты наносили крем-бальзам на раны 2 раза в день. Наблюдение включало контроль за заживлением ран, оценку болевого синдрома, дискомфорта, характера отделяемого и удовлетворенность лечением. Проводились осмотры каждые 5 дней с фиксацией результатов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Полная эпителизация послеоперационных ран в срок 45 дней зафиксирована в 87% (13/15) наблюдений. При этом эффект от местной терапии полностью удовлетворил пациентов, что обусловлено низким уровнем боли и дискомфорта в заднем проходе, характером отделяемого. Крем-бальзам показал хороший профиль безопасности, что подтверждается отсутствием нежелательных явлений.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. При оценке эффективности в отношении заживления кожных ран отмечается ускоренная эпителизация и ангиогенез при использовании секретома мононуклеарных клеток периферической крови в сравнении с плацебо. Человеку подходят белки-цитокины, выделенные из крови свиньи, в связи с их высококонсервативной структурой и сопоставимостью свойств, наблюдаемых у разных видов млекопитающих, что позволяет моделировать экспериментальные данные и подходы от одного млекопитающего к другому.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Крем-бальзам продемонстрировал эффективность и безопасность в лечение ран анального канала и перианальной области после геморроидэктомии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Wound healing of the anal canal and perineum after surgery is a complex process, often accompanied by prolonged recovery and the risk of non-healing wounds. There are 2 stages of postoperative rehabilitation. It is the second stage of rehabilitation that is the most difficult for the patient and the doctor.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the effectiveness of lanolin Superlimf® cream-balm in the treatment of anal canal wounds and its practical application in the postoperative period in patients with benign diseases of the anal canal, rectum and perianal region.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A total of 15 patients (mean age 39 ± 7 years) who underwent hemorrhoidectomy were enrolled in the pilot interventional non-comparative study. The patients applied the cream-balm to the wounds 2 times a day starting from day 15 after surgery. The follow-up observation included monitoring of wound healing status, assessment of pain syndrome, discomfort, the nature of discharge and treatment satisfaction. The wound assessment and documentation of findings were conducted every 5 days.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Complete epithelialization of subcutaneous wounds within 45 days was recorded in 87% (13/15) of cases. At the same time, the effect of local therapy was completely satisfactory to patients, due to the low level of pain and discomfort in the anus, and the nature of the discharge. Cream-balm has shown a good safety profile, which is confirmed by the absence of adverse events. Discussion. When assessing effectiveness regarding skin wound healing, accelerated epithelialization and angiogenesis were observed with the use of MSC-CM (mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium) compared to placebo. Cytokine proteins isolated from pig blood are suitable for humans due to their highly conserved structure and comparability of properties observed in different mammalian species, which makes it possible to model experimental data and approaches from one mammal to another.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Cream-balm has demonstrated efficacy and safety in the treatment of wounds of the anal canal and perianal area.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>раны анального канала</kwd><kwd>раны промежности</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd><kwd>крем-бальзам</kwd><kwd>секретом мононуклеарных клеток периферической крови</kwd><kwd>Суперлимф крем-бальзам</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anal canal wounds</kwd><kwd>perineal wounds</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd><kwd>cream-balm</kwd><kwd>secretome of peripheral mononuclear blood cells</kwd><kwd>Superlimf cream-balm</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нехрикова СВ. Длительно незаживающие послеоперационные раны промежности и анального канала. Анналы хирургии. 2013;(5):22–27. Режим доступа: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/dlitelno-nezazhivayuschie-posleoperatsionnye-rany-promezhnostii-analnogo-kanala.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nekhrikova SV. Nonhealing surgical wounds of the perineum and anal canal. Annaly Khirurgii. 2013;(5):22–27. (In Russ.) Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/dlitelno-nezazhivayuschie-posleoperatsionnye-rany-promezhnosti-i-analnogo-kanala.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нехрикова СВ, Сухина МА, Майновская ОА, Фоменко ОЮ, Жарков ЕЕ, Хрюкин РЮ и др. Обследование и лечение пациентов с хроническими послеоперационными ранами анального канала и промежности. Колопроктология. 2022;21(1):89–98. https://doi.org/10.33878/2073-7556-2022-21-1-89-98.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nekhrikova SV, Sukhina MA, Mainovskaya OA, Fomenko OY, Zharkov EE, Khryukin RY et al. Check-up and treatment of chronic postoperative wounds of the anal canal and perineum. Koloproktologia. 2022;21(1):89–98. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33878/2073-7556-2022-21-1-89-98.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Augustin M, Maier K. Psychosomatic aspects of chronic wounds Dermatology and Psychosomatics / Dermatologie und Psychosomatik. 2003;4(1):5–13. https://doi.org/10.1159/000070529.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Augustin M, Maier K. Psychosomatic aspects of chronic wounds Dermatology and Psychosomatics / Dermatologie und Psychosomatik. 2003;4(1):5–13. https://doi.org/10.1159/000070529.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузин МИ, Костюченок БМ (ред.). Раны и раневая инфекция. М.: Медицина; 1990. 592 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кузин МИ, Костюченок БМ (ред.). Раны и раневая инфекция. М.: Медицина; 1990. 592 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ellis S, Lin EJ, Tartar D. Immunology of Wound Healing. Curr Dermatol Rep. 2018;7(4):350–358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13671-018-0234-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ellis S, Lin EJ, Tartar D. Immunology of Wound Healing. Curr Dermatol Rep. 2018;7(4):350–358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13671-018-0234-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodrigues M, Kosaric N, Bonham CA, Gurtner GC. Wound Healing: A Cellular Perspective. Physiol Rev. 2019;99(1):665–706. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00067.2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodrigues M, Kosaric N, Bonham CA, Gurtner GC. Wound Healing: A Cellular Perspective. Physiol Rev. 2019;99(1):665–706. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00067.2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindley LE, Stojadinovic O, Pastar I, Tomic-Canic M. Biology and biomarkers for wound healing. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;138(3):18–28. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000002682.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindley LE, Stojadinovic O, Pastar I, Tomic-Canic M. Biology and biomarkers for wound healing. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;138(3):18–28. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000002682.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абрицова МВ, Торчуа НР. Лечение ран после операций на анальном канале и промежности. Амбулаторная хирургия. 2024;21(2):172–176. https://doi.org/10.21518/akh2024-041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abritsova MV, Torchua NR. Treatment of wounds after operations on the anal canal and perineum. Ambulatornaya Khirurgiya. 2024;21(2):172–176. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21518/akh2024-041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алиев ФШ, Ачкасов СИ, Башанкаев БН, Благодарный ЛА, Вышегородцев ДВ, Григорьев ЕГ и др. Геморрой: клинические рекомендации. 2024. Режим доступа: https://diseases.medelement.com/disease/геморрой-кр-рф-2024/18211.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Алиев ФШ, Ачкасов СИ, Башанкаев БН, Благодарный ЛА, Вышегородцев ДВ, Григорьев ЕГ и др. Геморрой: клинические рекомендации. 2024. Режим доступа: https://diseases.medelement.com/disease/геморрой-кр-рф-2024/18211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ачкасов СИ, Агапов МА, Алиев ФШ, Бирюков ОМ, Борота АВ, Благодарный ЛА и др. Анальная трещина: клинические рекомендации. 2024. Режим доступа: https://disuria.ru/_ld/14/1484_kr24K60p012.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ачкасов СИ, Агапов МА, Алиев ФШ, Бирюков ОМ, Борота АВ, Благодарный ЛА и др. Анальная трещина: клинические рекомендации. 2024. Режим доступа: https://disuria.ru/_ld/14/1484_kr24K60p012.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lichtenauer M, Mildner M, Hoetzenecker K, Zimmermann M, Podesser BK, Sipos W et al. Secretome of apoptotic peripheral blood cells (APOSEC) confers cytoprotection to cardiomyocytes and inhibits tissue remodelling after acute myocardial infarction: a preclinical study. Basic Res Cardiol. 2011;106(6):1283–1297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-011-0224-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lichtenauer M, Mildner M, Hoetzenecker K, Zimmermann M, Podesser BK, Sipos W et al. Secretome of apoptotic peripheral blood cells (APOSEC) confers cytoprotection to cardiomyocytes and inhibits tissue remodelling after acute myocardial infarction: a preclinical study. Basic Res Cardiol. 2011;106(6):1283–1297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-011-0224-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laggner M, Gugerell A, Bachmann C, Hofbauer H, Vorstandlechner V, Seibold M et al. Reproducibility of GMP-compliant production of therapeutic stressed peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived secretomes, a novel class of biological medicinal products. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020;11(1):9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-019-1524-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laggner M, Gugerell A, Bachmann C, Hofbauer H, Vorstandlechner V, Seibold M et al. Reproducibility of GMP-compliant production of therapeutic stressed peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived secretomes, a novel class of biological medicinal products. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2020;11(1):9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-019-1524-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wagner T, Traxler D, Simader E, Beer L, Narzt MS, Gruber F et al. Different pro-angiogenic potential of gamma-irradiated PBMC-derived secretome and its subfractions. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):18016. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36928-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wagner T, Traxler D, Simader E, Beer L, Narzt MS, Gruber F et al. Different pro-angiogenic potential of gamma-irradiated PBMC-derived secretome and its subfractions. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):18016. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36928-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beer L, Zimmermann M, Mitterbauer A, Ellinger A, Gruber F, Narzt MS et al. Analysis of the secretome of apoptotic peripheral blood mononuclear cells: impact of released proteins and exosomes for tissue regeneration. Sci Rep. 2015;5:16662. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16662.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beer L, Zimmermann M, Mitterbauer A, Ellinger A, Gruber F, Narzt MS et al. Analysis of the secretome of apoptotic peripheral blood mononuclear cells: impact of released proteins and exosomes for tissue regeneration. Sci Rep. 2015;5:16662. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16662.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simader E, Beer L, Laggner M, Vorstandlechner V, Gugerell A, Erb M et al. Tissue-regenerative potential of the secretome of gammairradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells is mediated via TNFRSF1B-induced necroptosis. Cell Death Dis. 2019;10(10):729. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-019-1974-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simader E, Beer L, Laggner M, Vorstandlechner V, Gugerell A, Erb M et al. Tissue-regenerative potential of the secretome of gammairradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells is mediated via TNFRSF1B-induced necroptosis. Cell Death Dis. 2019;10(10):729. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-019-1974-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Arrigo D, Roffi A, Cucchiarini M, Moretti M, Candrian C, Filardo G. Secretome and Extracellular Vesicles as New Biological Therapies for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med. 2019;8(11):1867. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111867.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Arrigo D, Roffi A, Cucchiarini M, Moretti M, Candrian C, Filardo G. Secretome and Extracellular Vesicles as New Biological Therapies for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med. 2019;8(11):1867. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111867.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lichtenauer M, Mildner M, Baumgartner A, Hasun M, et al. Intravenous and intramyocardial injection of apoptotic white blood cell suspensions prevents ventricular remodelling by increasing elastin expression in cardiac scar tissue after myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol. 2011;106(4):645–655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-011-0173-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lichtenauer M, Mildner M, Baumgartner A, Hasun M, et al. Intravenous and intramyocardial injection of apoptotic white blood cell suspensions prevents ventricular remodelling by increasing elastin expression in cardiac scar tissue after myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol. 2011;106(4):645–655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-011-0173-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beer L, Mildner M, Gyöngyösi M, Ankersmit HJ. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell secretome for tissue repair. Apoptosis. 2016;21(11):1336–1353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-016-1292-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beer L, Mildner M, Gyöngyösi M, Ankersmit HJ. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell secretome for tissue repair. Apoptosis. 2016;21(11):1336–1353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-016-1292-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mildner M, Hacker S, Haider T, Gschwandtner M, Werba G, Barresi C et al. Secretome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells enhances wound healing. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(3):e60103. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mildner M, Hacker S, Haider T, Gschwandtner M, Werba G, Barresi C et al. Secretome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells enhances wound healing. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(3):e60103. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soller JT, Murua-Escobar H, Willenbrock S, Janssen M, Eberle N, Bullerdiek J, Nolte I. Comparison of the human and canine cytokines IL-1(alpha/beta) and TNF-alpha to orthologous other mammalians. J Hered. 2007;98(5):485–490. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esm025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soller JT, Murua-Escobar H, Willenbrock S, Janssen M, Eberle N, Bullerdiek J, Nolte I. Comparison of the human and canine cytokines IL-1(alpha/beta) and TNF-alpha to orthologous other mammalians. J Hered. 2007;98(5):485–490. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esm025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
