asurgeryАмбулаторная хирургияAmbulatornaya khirurgiya = Ambulatory Surgery (Russia)2712-87412782-2591ООО «ГРУППА РЕМЕДИУМ»10.21518/akh2023-032asurgery-395Research ArticleПРОКТОЛОГИЯPROCTOLOGYРоль видеокапсульной эндоскопии в диагностике заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта: опыт отдела эндоскопической диагностики и хирургииThe role of video capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases: experience of the Department of Diagnostic and Operative Endoscopyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5848-4050ЛикутовА. А.LikutovA. A.

Ликутов Алексей Александрович, к.м.н., руководитель отдела эндоскопической диагностики и хирургии; ассистент 

123423, Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2;125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1

Aleksey A. Likutov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Endoscopic Diagnostics and Surgery; Assistant

2, Salyam Adil St., Moscow, 123423; 2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993

a.likutov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4533-6555ВласкоТ. А.VlaskoT. A.

Власко Татьяна Алексеевна, аспирант, врач-эндоскопист 

123423, Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2

Tatiana A. Vlasko, Postgraduate Student, Endoscopist 

2, Salyam Adil St., Moscow, 123423

ta.vlasko@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-8319ВеселовВ. В.VeselovV. V.

Веселов Виктор Владимирович, д.м.н., профессор, отличник здравоохранения, главный научный сотрудник; профессор 

123423, Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2;125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, д. 2/1, стр. 1

Victor V. Veselov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honour Healthcare Professional, Chief Research Associate; Professor 

2, Salyam Adil St., Moscow, 123423;2/1, Bldg. 1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993

profveselov@mail.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих; Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образованияРоссияRyzhikh State Scientific Center of Coloproctology; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationRussian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр колопроктологии имени А.Н. РыжихРоссияRyzhikh State Scientific Center of ColoproctologyRussian Federation202324112023202116127Copyright © Ликутов А.А., Власко Т.А., Веселов В.В., 20232023Ликутов А.А., Власко Т.А., Веселов В.В.Likutov A.A., Vlasko T.A., Veselov V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.a-surgeon.ru/jour/article/view/395

Введение. Видеокапсульная эндоскопия является золотым стандартом диагностики заболеваний тонкой кишки и широко применяется в клинической практике. Представленный анализ результатов проведенных исследований демонстрирует возможности данного метода диагностики и является наиболее крупным из опубликованных за последнее время в России. Цель. Продемонстрировать возможности видеокапсульной эндоскопии в диагностике заболеваний тонкой кишки. Материалы и методы. В период с 2014 по 2022 г. было выполнено 300 видеокапсульных исследований у пациентов с предполагаемым и уже известным заболеванием тонкой кишки. Все пациенты, проходившие видеокапсульное исследование в условиях НМИЦ колопроктологии имени А.Н. Рыжих, были старше 18 лет. В исследовании приняли участие 158 мужчин и 142 женщины. Средний возраст на момент проведения видеокапсульного исследования составил 42 ± 15,4 года. Пациентам была рекомендована стандартная схема подготовки: за 3 дня до исследования назначался белковый рацион питания, а накануне – двухэтапный прием препарата на основе ПЭГ («сплит-доза»). С целью снижения газообразования и уменьшения количества пенистого кишечного содержимого, ухудшающего качество эндоскопического изображения, назначался прием внутрь пеногасителя симетикона: 80 мг накануне и 80 мг в день исследования. Результаты. Видеокапсульное исследование продемонстрировало высокую информативность в диагностике воспалительных заболеваний кишечника: его чувствительность составила 86%, специфичность – 90%. Аналогичные результаты были получены при использовании видеокапсульной эндоскопии в диагностике источника возможного кровотечения: чувствительность и специфичность составили 87 и 68% соответственно. Заключение. Видеокапсульная эндоскопия является эффективным, безопасным и хорошо переносимым методом диагностики заболеваний тонкой кишки. Результаты видеокапсульного исследования способствуют постановке правильного диагноза и выбору тактики лечения.

Introduction. Video capsule endoscopy (VSE) is a gold standard diagnostic method for small bowel diseases and is widely used in clinical practice. The presented analysis of the VCE results demonstrates the possibilities of this diagnostic tool and is the largest one of the analysis that were recently published in Russia. Aim. To demonstrate the possibilities of video capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis of small bowel diseases. Materials and methods. A total of 300 video capsule endoscopies were performed in patients with suspected and already established small bowel diseases between 2014 and 2022. All patients who underwent a video capsule endoscopy in the settings of the National Medical Research Center of Coloproctology named after A.N. Ryzhikh were over 18 years old. The study cohort included 158 men and 142 women. The average age of patients at the time of the video capsule endoscopy was 42 ± 15.4 years. The patients were recommended a standard preparation regimen: 3 days before the study, a protein diet was prescribed, and the day before, a two-stage administration of a PEGbased drug (“split dose”). To reduce gas production and decrease the amount of foamy intestinal contents, which worsens the quality of the endoscopic image, oral administration of an antifoam agent simethicone was prescribed: 80 mg on the eve of the endoscopy and 80 mg on the day of the endoscopy. Results. The video capsule endoscopy demonstrated high information value in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases: its sensitivity was 86%, and specificity – 90%. Similar results were obtained during video capsule endoscopy used to diagnose the source of possible bleeding: sensitivity and specificity were 87 and 68%, respectively. Conclusion. Video capsule endoscopy is an effective, safe and well-tolerated tool for diagnosing small bowel diseases. The video capsule endoscopy findings contribute to establishing a correct diagnosis and selecting treatment strategies.

видеокапсульная эндоскопиявидеокапсулатонкая кишкаболезнь Кронагастроинтестинальное кровотечениесиндром Пейтца – Егерсаvideo capsule endoscopyvideo capsulesmall bowelCrohn's diseasegastrointestinal bleedingPeutz-Jeghers syndromeReferencesAdler S. N. The history of time for capsule endoscopy. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5(9):194. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2017.03.90.Adler S. N. The history of time for capsule endoscopy. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5(9):194. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2017.03.90.Enns RA, Hookey L, Armstrong D, Bernstein CN, Heitman SJ, Teshima C et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Use of Video Capsule Endoscopy. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(3):497–514. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.032.Enns RA, Hookey L, Armstrong D, Bernstein CN, Heitman SJ, Teshima C et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Use of Video Capsule Endoscopy. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(3):497–514. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.032.Koffas A, Laskaratos FM, Epstein O. Training in video capsule endoscopy: Current status and unmet needs. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2019;11(6):395–402. https://doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v11.i6.395.Koffas A, Laskaratos FM, Epstein O. Training in video capsule endoscopy: Current status and unmet needs. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2019;11(6):395–402. https://doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v11.i6.395.Robertson KD, Singh R. Capsule Endoscopy. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482306/.Robertson KD, Singh R. Capsule Endoscopy. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482306/.Hakimian S, Jawaid S, Guilarte-Walker Y, Mathew J, Cave D. Video capsule endoscopy as a tool for evaluation of obscure overt gastrointestinal bleeding in the intensive care unit. Endosc Int Open. 2018;6(8):E989–E993. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0590-3940.Hakimian S, Jawaid S, Guilarte-Walker Y, Mathew J, Cave D. Video capsule endoscopy as a tool for evaluation of obscure overt gastrointestinal bleeding in the intensive care unit. Endosc Int Open. 2018;6(8):E989–E993. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0590-3940.Rondonotti E, Pennazio M, Toth E, Koulaouzidis A. How to read small bowel capsule endoscopy: a practical guide for everyday use. Endosc Int Open. 2020;8(10):E1220-E1224. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1210-4830.Rondonotti E, Pennazio M, Toth E, Koulaouzidis A. How to read small bowel capsule endoscopy: a practical guide for everyday use. Endosc Int Open. 2020;8(10):E1220-E1224. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1210-4830.Gomez P, Arce V, Zucker K, Bayoumi M, Tharalson E. S2669 Video Capsule Bronchoscopy: A Rare Complication of Video Capsule Endoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117(10S):p e1762. https://doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0000867316.93382.50.Gomez P, Arce V, Zucker K, Bayoumi M, Tharalson E. S2669 Video Capsule Bronchoscopy: A Rare Complication of Video Capsule Endoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117(10S):p e1762. https://doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0000867316.93382.50.Leighton JA, Rex DK. A grading scale to evaluate colon cleansing for the PillCam COLON capsule: a reliability study. Endoscopy. 2011;43(2):123–127. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1255916.Leighton JA, Rex DK. A grading scale to evaluate colon cleansing for the PillCam COLON capsule: a reliability study. Endoscopy. 2011;43(2):123–127. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1255916.Liao Z, Gao R, Xu C, Li ZS. Indications and detection, completion, and retention rates of small-bowel capsule endoscopy: a systematic review. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71(2):280–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2009.09.031.Liao Z, Gao R, Xu C, Li ZS. Indications and detection, completion, and retention rates of small-bowel capsule endoscopy: a systematic review. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010;71(2):280–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2009.09.031.Cheifetz AS, Kornbluth AA, Legnani P, Schmelkin I, Brown A, Lichtiger S, Lewis BS. The risk of retention of the capsule endoscope in patients with known or suspected Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(10):2218–2222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00761.x.Cheifetz AS, Kornbluth AA, Legnani P, Schmelkin I, Brown A, Lichtiger S, Lewis BS. The risk of retention of the capsule endoscope in patients with known or suspected Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(10):2218–2222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00761.x.Liangpunsakul S, Maglinte DD, Rex DK. Comparison of wireless capsule endoscopy and conventional radiologic methods in the diagnosis of small bowel disease. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2004;14(1):43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giec.2003.10.004.Liangpunsakul S, Maglinte DD, Rex DK. Comparison of wireless capsule endoscopy and conventional radiologic methods in the diagnosis of small bowel disease. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2004;14(1):43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giec.2003.10.004.Eliakim R, Yablecovitch D, Lahat A, Ungar B, Shachar E, Carter D et al. A novel PillCam Crohn’s capsule score (Eliakim score) for quantification of mucosal inflammation in Crohn’s disease. United European Gastroenterol J. 2020;8(5):544–551. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640620913368.Eliakim R, Yablecovitch D, Lahat A, Ungar B, Shachar E, Carter D et al. A novel PillCam Crohn’s capsule score (Eliakim score) for quantification of mucosal inflammation in Crohn’s disease. United European Gastroenterol J. 2020;8(5):544–551. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640620913368.Tabet R, Nassani N, Karam B, Shammaa Y, Akhrass P, Deeb L. Pooled Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Video Capsule Endoscopy in Patients with Implantable Cardiac Devices. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019,2019:3953807. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3953807.Tabet R, Nassani N, Karam B, Shammaa Y, Akhrass P, Deeb L. Pooled Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Video Capsule Endoscopy in Patients with Implantable Cardiac Devices. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019,2019:3953807. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3953807.Rondonotti E, Spada C, Adler S, May A, Despott EJ, Koulaouzidis A et al. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel disorders: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Technical Review. Endoscopy. 2018;50(4):423–446. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0576-0566.Rondonotti E, Spada C, Adler S, May A, Despott EJ, Koulaouzidis A et al. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel disorders: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Technical Review. Endoscopy. 2018;50(4):423–446. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0576-0566.Marmo C, Riccioni ME, Pennazio M, Antonelli G, Spada C, Costamagna G. Small bowel cleansing for capsule endoscopy, systematic review and meta-analysis: Timing is the real issue. Dig Liver Dis. 2023;55(4):454–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2022.07.002.Marmo C, Riccioni ME, Pennazio M, Antonelli G, Spada C, Costamagna G. Small bowel cleansing for capsule endoscopy, systematic review and meta-analysis: Timing is the real issue. Dig Liver Dis. 2023;55(4):454–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2022.07.002.Oh DJ, Hwang Y, Nam JH, Lim YJ. Small bowel cleanliness in capsule endoscopy: a case-control study using validated artificial intelligence algorithm. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):18265. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23181-1.Oh DJ, Hwang Y, Nam JH, Lim YJ. Small bowel cleanliness in capsule endoscopy: a case-control study using validated artificial intelligence algorithm. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):18265. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23181-1.Freeman K, Ryan R, Parsons N, Taylor-Phillips S, Willis B, Clarke A. The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in UK primary care: a retrospective cohort study of the IQVIA Medical Research Database. BMC Gastroenterol. 2021;21(1):139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-021-01716-6.Freeman K, Ryan R, Parsons N, Taylor-Phillips S, Willis B, Clarke A. The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in UK primary care: a retrospective cohort study of the IQVIA Medical Research Database. BMC Gastroenterol. 2021;21(1):139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-021-01716-6.Hilmi I, Kobayashi T. Capsule endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease: when and how. Intestinal research. 2020;18(3):265–274. https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2019.09165.Hilmi I, Kobayashi T. Capsule endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease: when and how. Intestinal research. 2020;18(3):265–274. https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2019.09165.Ananthakrishnan AN, Kaplan GG, Ng SC. Changing Global Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Sustaining Health Care Delivery Into the 21st Century. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(6):1252–1260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.01.028.Ananthakrishnan AN, Kaplan GG, Ng SC. Changing Global Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Sustaining Health Care Delivery Into the 21st Century. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(6):1252–1260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.01.028.Cosnes J, Gower-Rousseau C, Seksik P, Cortot A. Epidemiology and natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(6):1785–1794. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.01.055.Cosnes J, Gower-Rousseau C, Seksik P, Cortot A. Epidemiology and natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(6):1785–1794. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.01.055.Shim KN, Jeon SR, Jang HJ, Kim J, Lim YJ, Kim KO et al. Quality Indicators for Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy. Clin Endosc. 2017;50(2):148–160. https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.030.Shim KN, Jeon SR, Jang HJ, Kim J, Lim YJ, Kim KO et al. Quality Indicators for Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy. Clin Endosc. 2017;50(2):148–160. https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2017.030.Ooi CJ, Makharia GK, Hilmi I, Gibson PR, Ming Fock K, Ahuja V et al. Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) Working Group on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Asia Pacific Consensus Statements on Crohn’s disease. Part 1: Definition, diagnosis, and epidemiology: (Asia Pacific Crohn’s Disease Consensus – Part 1). J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;31(1):45–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.12956.Ooi CJ, Makharia GK, Hilmi I, Gibson PR, Ming Fock K, Ahuja V et al. Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) Working Group on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Asia Pacific Consensus Statements on Crohn’s disease. Part 1: Definition, diagnosis, and epidemiology: (Asia Pacific Crohn’s Disease Consensus – Part 1). J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;31(1):45–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.12956.Абдулганиева ДИ, Алексеева ОП, Ачкасов СИ, Багненко СФ, Бакулин ИГ, Барышева ОЮ и др. Клинические рекомендации. Болезнь Крона 2022 года. Режим доступа: https://webmed.irkutsk.ru/doc/pdf/kr176.pdf.Абдулганиева ДИ, Алексеева ОП, Ачкасов СИ, Багненко СФ, Бакулин ИГ, Барышева ОЮ и др. Клинические рекомендации. Болезнь Крона 2022 года. Режим доступа: https://webmed.irkutsk.ru/doc/pdf/kr176.pdf.Gralnek IM, Defranchis R, Seidman E, Leighton JA, Legnani P, Lewis BS. Development of a capsule endoscopy scoring index for small bowel mucosal inflammatory change. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;27(2):146–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03556.x.Gralnek IM, Defranchis R, Seidman E, Leighton JA, Legnani P, Lewis BS. Development of a capsule endoscopy scoring index for small bowel mucosal inflammatory change. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;27(2):146–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03556.x.Pennazio M, Rondonotti E, Despott EJ, Dray X, Keuchel M, Moreels T et al. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel disorders: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline - Update 2022. Endoscopy. 2023;55(1):58–95. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1973-3796.Pennazio M, Rondonotti E, Despott EJ, Dray X, Keuchel M, Moreels T et al. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy and device-assisted enteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of small-bowel disorders: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline - Update 2022. Endoscopy. 2023;55(1):58–95. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1973-3796.ASGE Standards of Practice Committee; Gurudu SR, Bruining DH, Acosta RD, Eloubeidi MA, Faulx AL, Khashab MA et al. The role of endoscopy in the management of suspected small-bowel bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017;85(1):22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.06.013.ASGE Standards of Practice Committee; Gurudu SR, Bruining DH, Acosta RD, Eloubeidi MA, Faulx AL, Khashab MA et al. The role of endoscopy in the management of suspected small-bowel bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017;85(1):22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2016.06.013.Tanabe S. Diagnosis of Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Clin Endosc. 2016;49(6):539–541. https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.004.Tanabe S. Diagnosis of Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Clin Endosc. 2016;49(6):539–541. https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2016.004.Spada C, Hassan C, Galmiche JP, Neuhaus H, Dumonceau JM, Adler S et al. Colon capsule endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy. 2012;44(5):527–536. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1291717.Spada C, Hassan C, Galmiche JP, Neuhaus H, Dumonceau JM, Adler S et al. Colon capsule endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy. 2012;44(5):527–536. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1291717.Saurin JC, Delvaux M, Gaudin JL, Fassler I, Villarejo J, Vahedi K et al. Diagnostic value of endoscopic capsule in patients with obscure digestive bleeding: blinded comparison with video push-enteroscopy. Endoscopy. 2003;35(7):576–584. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-40244.Saurin JC, Delvaux M, Gaudin JL, Fassler I, Villarejo J, Vahedi K et al. Diagnostic value of endoscopic capsule in patients with obscure digestive bleeding: blinded comparison with video push-enteroscopy. Endoscopy. 2003;35(7):576–584. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-40244.Агапов МИ, Ачкасов СИ, Веселов ВВ, Кашников ВН, Коржева ИЮ, Костенко НВ и др. Клинические рекомендации. Ангиодисплазия кишечника 2021 года. Режим доступа: https://akr-online.ru/download/КР174%20Ангиодисплазия%20кишечника%20K55.2,%20K55.3,%20K55.8.pdf.Агапов МИ, Ачкасов СИ, Веселов ВВ, Кашников ВН, Коржева ИЮ, Костенко НВ и др. Клинические рекомендации. Ангиодисплазия кишечника 2021 года. Режим доступа: https://akr-online.ru/download/КР174%20Ангиодисплазия%20кишечника%20K55.2,%20K55.3,%20K55.8.pdf.Caspari R, von Falkenhausen M, Krautmacher C, Schild H, Heller J, Sauerbruch T. Comparison of capsule endoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of polyps of the small intestine in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis or with Peutz-Jeghers’ syndrome. Endoscopy. 2004;36(12):1054–1059. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-826041.Caspari R, von Falkenhausen M, Krautmacher C, Schild H, Heller J, Sauerbruch T. Comparison of capsule endoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of polyps of the small intestine in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis or with Peutz-Jeghers’ syndrome. Endoscopy. 2004;36(12):1054–1059. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-826041.Postgate A, Hyer W, Phillips R, Gupta A, Burling D, Bartram C et al. Feasibility of video capsule endoscopy in the management of children with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a blinded comparison with barium enterography for the detection of small bowel polyps. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009;49(4):417–423. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e31818f0a1f.Postgate A, Hyer W, Phillips R, Gupta A, Burling D, Bartram C et al. Feasibility of video capsule endoscopy in the management of children with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a blinded comparison with barium enterography for the detection of small bowel polyps. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009;49(4):417–423. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0b013e31818f0a1f.Beggs AD, Latchford AR, Vasen HF, Moslein G, Alonso A, Aretz S et al. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a systematic review and recommendations for management. Gut. 2010;59(7):975–986. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2009.198499.Beggs AD, Latchford AR, Vasen HF, Moslein G, Alonso A, Aretz S et al. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: a systematic review and recommendations for management. Gut. 2010;59(7):975–986. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2009.198499.Su X, Ge Y, Liang B, Wu M, Guo Y, Ma B, Li J. Small intestinal tumors: diagnostic accuracy of enhanced multi-detector CT virtual endoscopy. Abdom Imaging. 2012;37(3):465–474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-011-9776-z.Su X, Ge Y, Liang B, Wu M, Guo Y, Ma B, Li J. Small intestinal tumors: diagnostic accuracy of enhanced multi-detector CT virtual endoscopy. Abdom Imaging. 2012;37(3):465–474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-011-9776-z.Савельева ТА, Пикунов ДЮ, Кузьминов АМ, Цуканов АС. Синдром Пейтца-Егерса: Что стало известно за 125 лет изучения? (обзор литературы). Колопроктология. 2021;20(2):85–96. https://doi.org/10.33878/2073-7556-2021-20-2-85-96.Savelyeva TA, Pikunov DYu, Kuzminov AM, Tsukanov AS. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: what has been known for 125 years of research? (review). Koloproktologia. 2021;20(2):85–96. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33878/2073-7556-2021-20-2-85-96.Latchford A, Cohen S, Auth M, Scaillon M, Viala J, Daniels R et al. Management of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Position Paper From the ESPGHAN Polyposis Working Group. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2019;68(3):442–452. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000002248.Latchford A, Cohen S, Auth M, Scaillon M, Viala J, Daniels R et al. Management of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Position Paper From the ESPGHAN Polyposis Working Group. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2019;68(3):442–452. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000002248.van Leerdam ME, Roos VH, van Hooft JE, Dekker E, Jover R, Kaminski MF et al. Endoscopic management of polyposis syndromes: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy. 2019;51(9):877–895. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0965-0605.van Leerdam ME, Roos VH, van Hooft JE, Dekker E, Jover R, Kaminski MF et al. Endoscopic management of polyposis syndromes: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy. 2019;51(9):877–895. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0965-0605.Cortegoso Valdivia P, Deding U, Bjørsum-Meyer T, Baatrup G, Fernández-Urién I, Dray X et al. Inter/Intra-Observer Agreement in VideoCapsule Endoscopy: Are We Getting It All Wrong? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics. 2022;12(10):2400. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102400.Cortegoso Valdivia P, Deding U, Bjørsum-Meyer T, Baatrup G, Fernández-Urién I, Dray X et al. Inter/Intra-Observer Agreement in VideoCapsule Endoscopy: Are We Getting It All Wrong? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics. 2022;12(10):2400. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102400.Xie X, Xiao YF, Zhao XY, Li JJ, Yang QQ, Peng X et al. Development and Validation of an Artificial Intelligence Model for Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy Video Review. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(7):e2221992. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.21992.Xie X, Xiao YF, Zhao XY, Li JJ, Yang QQ, Peng X et al. Development and Validation of an Artificial Intelligence Model for Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy Video Review. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(7):e2221992. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.21992.Sey M. Artificial Intelligence and the Promise of Expediting and Standardizing the Reviewing and Reporting of Capsule Endoscopy Videos. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(7):e2222006. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.22006.Sey M. Artificial Intelligence and the Promise of Expediting and Standardizing the Reviewing and Reporting of Capsule Endoscopy Videos. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(7):e2222006. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.22006.Dray X, Iakovidis D, Houdeville C, Jover R, Diamantis D, Histace A, Koulaouzidis A. Artificial intelligence in small bowel capsule endoscopy – current status, challenges and future promise. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;36(1):12–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.15341.Dray X, Iakovidis D, Houdeville C, Jover R, Diamantis D, Histace A, Koulaouzidis A. Artificial intelligence in small bowel capsule endoscopy – current status, challenges and future promise. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;36(1):12–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.15341.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.