asurgeryАмбулаторная хирургияAmbulatornaya khirurgiya = Ambulatory Surgery (Russia)2712-87412782-2591ООО «ГРУППА РЕМЕДИУМ»10.21518/1995-1477-2022-19-1-132-139asurgery-289Research ArticleОБМЕН ОПЫТОМEXCHANGE OF EXPERIENCE | PRACTICEЦианоакрилатная клеевая облитерация варикозных вен в реальной клинической практике: двухлетние результаты леченияCyanoacrylate Adhesive Closure in the Real-World Practice: 2-Year Results of Varicose Vein Treatmenthttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2116-2247ШиринбекО.ShirinbekO.

Ширинбек Олими, д.м.н., врач-хирург, заместитель главного врача по хирургии, заведующий кафедрой сердечно-сосудистой хирургии АНО ДПО «Центр медицинского и корпоративного обучения», руководитель

125130, Москва, Старопетровский проезд, д. 7а, стр. 22

Olimi Shirinbek, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Surgeon, Deputy Chief Physician for Surgery, Head of the Cardiovascular Surgery Department at the Center for Medical and Corporate Training

7a, Bldg. 22, Staropetrovskiy Lane, Moscow, 125130

olims@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8402-4381МнацаканянГ. В.MnatsakanyanG. V.

Мнацаканян Геворг Вачикович, врач сердечно-сосудистый хирург

125130, Москва, Старопетровский проезд, д. 7а, стр. 22

Gevorg V. Mnatsakanyan, Cardiovascular Surgeon

7a, Bldg. 22, Staropetrovskiy Lane, Moscow, 125130

cordestro@yandex.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5403-8456ОдиноковаС. Н.OdinokovaS. N.

Одинокова Сания Наилевна, ассистент кафедры анатомии человека; врач-флеболог, ассистент кафедры сердечно-сосудистой хирургии центра медицинского и корпоративного обучения

125130, Москва, Старопетровский проезд, д. 7а, стр. 22; 125009,  Москва, ул. Моховая, д. 11, стр. 10

Saniya N. Odinokova, Assistant of Human Anatomy Department of Sklifosovsky Institute

7a, Bldg. 22, Staropetrovskiy Lane, Moscow, 125130;  Bldg. 10, Mokhovaya St., Moscow, 125130

saniya_odinokova@mail.ruЦентр флебологии «СМ-Клиника»РоссияPhlebology Center SM-ClinicRussian FederationЦентр флебологии «СМ-Клиника»; Институт клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского Первого Московского государственного медицинского университета имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияPhlebology Center SM-Clinic; Sklifosovsky Institute for Clinical Medicine of Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian Federation202220052022191132139Copyright © Ширинбек О., Мнацаканян Г.В., Одинокова С.Н., 20222022Ширинбек О., Мнацаканян Г.В., Одинокова С.Н.Shirinbek O., Mnatsakanyan G.V., Odinokova S.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.a-surgeon.ru/jour/article/view/289Введение

Введение. За последние годы термические тумесцентные (ТТ) методы устранения вертикального рефлюкса завоевали статус «золотого стандарта» лечения варикозной болезни нижних конечностей (ВБНК). Стремление достичь минимальной инвазивности привело к появлению нетермических нетумесцентных (НТНТ) методов.

Цель

Цель. Оценить двухлетние результаты цианоакрилатной клеевой облитерации (ЦКО) варикозных вен.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. За период с июля 2019 г. по июль 2021 г. ЦКО была проведена у 457 пациентов (возраст 57,8 ± 15,7 лет), что соответствовало 634 конечностям и 725 венозным бассейнам. Распределение пациентов по к CEAP было следующим: С2 – 38%; С3 – 37%; С4 – 19%; С5 – 4%; С6 – 2%. Критериями включения были: несостоятельность соустий со стволовым рефлюксом > 0,5 с, диаметр ствола > 6 мм, наличие варикозных притоков. ЦКО проведена по протоколу американской системы клеевого закрытия вен. В более чем 2/3 случаев (76,2%) ЦКО выполнена без вмешательств на притоках. Для оценки боли применялась визуально-аналоговая шкала (ВАШ). УЗАС проводилось на 3-и сут., через 1, 3 , 6 и 12 мес. после вмешательства.

Результаты

Результаты. Анатомический успех после ЦКО достигнут у 100% больных на 3-и сут., 1-й и 3-й мес. после вмешательства. Оценка боли по ВАШ составила < 3 баллов у 93% больных. Частичная реканализация возникла у 4 (0,6%) пациентов в сроки от 6 до 15 мес. Дистальный тромбоз глубоких вен выявлен у 2 (0,3%) пациентов и миграция клея у 7 (1%) больных, флебитическая реакция у 50 (11%), тромбофлебит притоков – у 20 (4,4%) и гранулема мягких тканей – у 6 (1,3%) пациентов.

Выводы

Выводы. ЦКО представляет собой высокоэффективный и безопасный метод с частотой облитерации целевых вен 99,4% за двухлетний период.

Introduction

Introduction. Over the past decade, thermal tumescent (TT) ablation became the “gold standard” treatment of varicose veins. Non-thermal non-tumescent (NTNT) methods emerged in response to minimize the interventional invasion.

Aim

Aim. To evaluate the two-year results of cyanoacrylate adhesive closure (CAC).

Methods

Methods. Between July 2019 and July 2021, CAC was performed in 457 patients (average age 57.8 ± 15.7 years), on 634 limbs and 725 saphenous veins. Patient distribution according to CEAP was: C2 – 38%; C3 – 37%; C4 – 19%; C5 – 4%; C6 – 2%. The inclusion criteria were: incompetence of sapheno-femoral/popliteal junction and axial reflux > 0.5 sec, diameter of saphenous trunk > 6 mm, presence of varicosities. CAC was performed according to the protocol of the American Vein Closure System In more than 2/3 of cases (76.2%), CAC was performed selectively without tributary treatment . The pain was assessed by visual-analogue scale (VAS). The control ultrasound was performed on the 3rd day, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-intervention.

Results

Results. Anatomical success was achieved in 100%. The VAS pain score was < 3 in 93% of patients. Partial recanalization occurred in 4 (0.6%) patients. Distal deep vein thrombosis was detected in 2 (0.3%) patients, migration of glue – in 7 (1%) patients, phlebitislike skin reaction – in 50 (11%), superficial thrombophlebitis – in 20 (4.4%) and soft tissue granuloma at the access site was diagnosed in 6 (1.3%) patients.

Conclusion

Conclusion. CАC is a highly effective and safe treatment method with 99.4% occlusion rate in s. two-year follow-up period.

цианоакрилатная облитерацияклеевая облитерацияцианоакрилатная эмболизацияварикозная болезнь нижних конечностейнетермические нетумесцентные методыcyanoacrylate adhesive closurecyanoacrylate embolizationvaricose veinsglue occlusionnon-thermal non-tumescent methodsReferencesBelramman A., Bootun R., Lane T., Davies A. Endovenous Management of Varicose Veins. Angiology. 2018;70(5):388–396. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003319718780049.Belramman A., Bootun R., Lane T., Davies A. Endovenous Management of Varicose Veins. Angiology. 2018;70(5):388–396. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003319718780049.Robertson L., Evans C., Fowkes F. Epidemiology of chronic venous disease. Phlebology: J Ven Dis. 2008;23(3):103–111. https://doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2007.007061.Robertson L., Evans C., Fowkes F. Epidemiology of chronic venous disease. Phlebology: J Ven Dis. 2008;23(3):103–111. https://doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2007.007061.Yang G., Parapini M., Gagnon J., Chen J. Comparison of cyanoacrylate embolization and radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of varicose veins. Phlebology: J Ven Dis. 2018;34(4): 278–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268355518794105.Yang G., Parapini M., Gagnon J., Chen J. Comparison of cyanoacrylate embolization and radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of varicose veins. Phlebology: J Ven Dis. 2018;34(4): 278–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268355518794105.Bootun R., Onida S., Lane T. Varicose veins and their management. Surgery (Oxford). 2016;34(4):165–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2016.02.002.Bootun R., Onida S., Lane T. Varicose veins and their management. Surgery (Oxford). 2016;34(4):165–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2016.02.002.Kugler N., Brown K. An update on the currently available nonthermal ablative options in the management of superficial venous disease. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2017;5(3):422–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2017.01.014.Kugler N., Brown K. An update on the currently available nonthermal ablative options in the management of superficial venous disease. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2017;5(3):422–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2017.01.014.Braithwaite B., Hnatek L., Zierau U., Camci M., Akkersdijk G., Nio D. Radiofrequency-induced thermal therapy: results of a European multicentre study of resistive ablation of incompetent truncal varicose veins. Phlebology: J Ven Dis. 2012;28(1):38–46. https://doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2012.012013.Braithwaite B., Hnatek L., Zierau U., Camci M., Akkersdijk G., Nio D. Radiofrequency-induced thermal therapy: results of a European multicentre study of resistive ablation of incompetent truncal varicose veins. Phlebology: J Ven Dis. 2012;28(1):38–46. https://doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2012.012013.Lurie F., Creton D., Eklof B. Prospective randomised study of Endovenous Radiofrequency Obliteration (Closure) Versus Ligation and Vein Stripping (EVOLVeS): 2-year follow-up. J Vasc Sur. 2005;42(1):178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2005.04.007.Lurie F., Creton D., Eklof B. Prospective randomised study of Endovenous Radiofrequency Obliteration (Closure) Versus Ligation and Vein Stripping (EVOLVeS): 2-year follow-up. J Vasc Sur. 2005;42(1):178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2005.04.007.Rasmussen L., Lawaetz M., Bjoern L., Vennits B., Blemings A., Eklof B. Randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, foam sclerotherapy and surgical stripping for great saphenous varicose veins. Br J Sur. 2011;98(8):1079–1087. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.7555.Rasmussen L., Lawaetz M., Bjoern L., Vennits B., Blemings A., Eklof B. Randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, foam sclerotherapy and surgical stripping for great saphenous varicose veins. Br J Sur. 2011;98(8):1079–1087. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.7555.Cтойко Ю.М., Кириенко А.И., Затевахин И.И., Покровский А.В., Карпенко А.А., Золотухин И.А. и др. Российские клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению хронических заболеваний вен. Флебология. 2018;(3):188. Режим доступа: https://phlebology-sro.ru/upload/iblock/23d/rossiyskieklinicheskie-rekomendatsii-po-khzv-2018.pdf.Ctoiko Yu.M., Kirienko A.I., Zatevakhin I.I., Pokrovskii A.V., Karpenko A.A., Zolotukhin I.A. et al. Diagnostics and Treatment of Chronic Venous Disease: Guidelines of Russian Phlebological Association. Flebologiya. 2018;(3):188. (In Russ.) Available at: https://phlebology-sro.ru/upload/iblock/23d/rossiyskieklinicheskie-rekomendatsii-po-khzv-2018.pdf.Davies A., Azzam M., Bradbury A., Brookes J., Calam J., Evans D. et al. Varicose veins: diagnosis and management. Clinical guideline [CG168]. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG168.Davies A., Azzam M., Bradbury A., Brookes J., Calam J., Evans D. et al. Varicose veins: diagnosis and management. Clinical guideline [CG168]. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG168.Gloviczki P., Dalsing M., Eklöf B., Lurie F., Wakefield T., Monika L., Gloviczki M. (eds.). Handbook of Venous and Lymphatic Disorders. 4th ed. NY: CRC Press; 2017. 815 p. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315382449.Gloviczki P., Dalsing M., Eklöf B., Lurie F., Wakefield T., Monika L., Gloviczki M. (eds.). Handbook of Venous and Lymphatic Disorders. 4th ed. NY: CRC Press; 2017. 815 p. https://doi.org/ 10.1201/9781315382449.Wittens C., Davies A., Bækgaard N., Broholm R., Cavezzi A., Chastanet S. Editor’s Choice – Management of Chronic Venous Disease. Eur J Vas End Sur. 2015;49(6):678–737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.02.007.Wittens C., Davies A., Bækgaard N., Broholm R., Cavezzi A., Chastanet S. Editor’s Choice – Management of Chronic Venous Disease. Eur J Vas End Sur. 2015;49(6):678–737. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.02.007.Nesbitt C., Bedenis R., Bhattacharya V., Stansby G. Endovenous ablation (radiofrequency and laser) and foam sclerotherapy versus open surgery for great saphenous vein varices. Coch Dat Syst Rev. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd005624.pub3.Nesbitt C., Bedenis R., Bhattacharya V., Stansby G. Endovenous ablation (radiofrequency and laser) and foam sclerotherapy versus open surgery for great saphenous vein varices. Coch Dat Syst Rev. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd005624.pub3.Davies H., Popplewell M., Darvall K., Bate G., Bradbury A. A review of randomised controlled trials comparing ultrasoundguided foam sclerotherapy with endothermal ablation for the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins. Phlebology: J Ven Dis. 2015;31(4):234–240. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268355515595194.Davies H., Popplewell M., Darvall K., Bate G., Bradbury A. A review of randomised controlled trials comparing ultrasoundguided foam sclerotherapy with endothermal ablation for the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins. Phlebology: J Ven Dis. 2015;31(4):234–240. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0268355515595194.Vos C., Ünlü Ç., Bosma J., van Vlijmen C., de Nie A., Schreve M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of two novel techniques of nonthermal endovenous ablation of the great saphenous vein. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2017;5(6):880–896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2017.05.022.Vos C., Ünlü Ç., Bosma J., van Vlijmen C., de Nie A., Schreve M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of two novel techniques of nonthermal endovenous ablation of the great saphenous vein. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2017;5(6):880–896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2017.05.022.Tang T., Rathnaweera H., Kam J., Chong T., Choke E., Tan Y. Endovenous Cyanoacrylate Glue to Treat Varicose Veins and Chronic Venous Insufficiency-Experience Gained From Our First 100+ Truncal Venous Ablations in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population Using the Medtronic VenaSeal Closure System. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2019;7(5):764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.06.007.Tang T., Rathnaweera H., Kam J., Chong T., Choke E., Tan Y. Endovenous Cyanoacrylate Glue to Treat Varicose Veins and Chronic Venous Insufficiency-Experience Gained From Our First 100+ Truncal Venous Ablations in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population Using the Medtronic VenaSeal Closure System. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2019;7(5):764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.06.007.Labenz J., Börsch G. Successful Endoscopic Hemostasis of Duodenal Variceal Bleeding with Histoacryl. Endoscopy. 1993;25(02):194–194. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1010287.Labenz J., Börsch G. Successful Endoscopic Hemostasis of Duodenal Variceal Bleeding with Histoacryl. Endoscopy. 1993;25(02):194–194. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1010287.Teng M., Chen C., Lirng J., Chen S., Lee L., Chang T. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate for embolisation of carotid aneurysm. Neuroradiology. 1994;36(2):144–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00588084.Teng M., Chen C., Lirng J., Chen S., Lee L., Chang T. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate for embolisation of carotid aneurysm. Neuroradiology. 1994;36(2):144–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00588084.Min R., Almeida J., Mclean D., Madsen M., Raabe R. Novel vein closure procedure using a proprietary cyanoacrylate adhesive: 30-day swine model results. Phlebology: J Ven Dis. 2012;27(8): 398–403. https://doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2011.011084.Min R., Almeida J., Mclean D., Madsen M., Raabe R. Novel vein closure procedure using a proprietary cyanoacrylate adhesive: 30-day swine model results. Phlebology: J Ven Dis. 2012;27(8): 398–403. https://doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2011.011084.Almeida J., Min R., Raabe R., McLean D., Madsen M. Cyanoacrylate Adhesive for the Closure of Truncal Veins. Vas Endovas Surg. 2011;45(7):631–635. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538574411413938.Almeida J., Min R., Raabe R., McLean D., Madsen M. Cyanoacrylate Adhesive for the Closure of Truncal Veins. Vas Endovas Surg. 2011;45(7):631–635. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1538574411413938.Almeida J., Javier J., Mackay E., Bautista C., Proebstle T. Cyanoacrylate Glue Great Saphenous Vein Ablation: Preliminary 180-Day Follow-Up of a First-In-Man Feasibility Study of a NoCompression-No-Local-Anesthesia Technique. J Vas Sur. 2012;55(1):297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.11.008.Almeida J., Javier J., Mackay E., Bautista C., Proebstle T. Cyanoacrylate Glue Great Saphenous Vein Ablation: Preliminary 180-Day Follow-Up of a First-In-Man Feasibility Study of a NoCompression-No-Local-Anesthesia Technique. J Vas Sur. 2012;55(1):297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.11.008.Lam Y., De Maeseneer M., Lawson J., De Borst G., Boersma D. Expert review on the VenaSeal® system for endovenous cyano-acrylate adhesive ablation of incompetent saphenous trunks in patients with varicose veins. Exp Rev Med Dev. 2017;14(10): 755–762. https://doi.org/10.1080/17434440.2017.1378093.Lam Y., De Maeseneer M., Lawson J., De Borst G., Boersma D. Expert review on the VenaSeal® system for endovenous cyano-acrylate adhesive ablation of incompetent saphenous trunks in patients with varicose veins. Exp Rev Med Dev. 2017;14(10): 755–762. https://doi.org/10.1080/17434440.2017.1378093.Хартманн К. (ред.). Минимально инвазивное лечение варикозного расширения вен нижних конечностей. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2018. 176 с.Khartman K. (ed.). Minimally Invasive Varicose Vein Treatment Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2018. 176 p. (In Russ.).Almeida J., Javier J., Mackay E., Bautista C., Proebstle T. First human use of cyanoacrylate adhesive for treatment of saphenous vein incompetence. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2013;1(2):174–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2012.09.010.Almeida J., Javier J., Mackay E., Bautista C., Proebstle T. First human use of cyanoacrylate adhesive for treatment of saphenous vein incompetence. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2013;1(2):174–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2012.09.010.Almeida J., Javier J., Mackay E., Bautista C., Cher D., Proebstle T. Two-year follow-up of first human use of cyanoacrylate adhesive for treatment of saphenous vein incompetence. Phlebology: J Ven Dis. 2014;30(6):397–404. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268355514532455.Almeida J., Javier J., Mackay E., Bautista C., Cher D., Proebstle T. Two-year follow-up of first human use of cyanoacrylate adhesive for treatment of saphenous vein incompetence. Phlebology: J Ven Dis. 2014;30(6):397–404. https://doi. org/10.1177/0268355514532455.Proebstle T., Alm J., Dimitri S., Rasmussen L., Whiteley M., Lawson J. et al. The European multicenter cohort study on cyanoacrylate embolization of refluxing great saphenous veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2015;3(1):2–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2014.09.001.Proebstle T., Alm J., Dimitri S., Rasmussen L., Whiteley M., Lawson J. et al. The European multicenter cohort study on cyanoacrylate embolization of refluxing great saphenous veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2015;3(1):2–7. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2014.09.001.Proebstle T., Alm J., Dimitri S., Rasmussen L., Whiteley M., Lawson J. et al. Three-year follow-up results of the prospective European Multicenter Cohort Study on Cyanoacrylate Embolization for treatment of refluxing great saphenous veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2021;9(2):329–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.05.019.Proebstle T., Alm J., Dimitri S., Rasmussen L., Whiteley M., Lawson J. et al. Three-year follow-up results of the prospective European Multicenter Cohort Study on Cyanoacrylate Embolization for treatment of refluxing great saphenous veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2021;9(2):329–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.05.019.Morrison N., Gibson K., McEnroe S., Goldman M., King T., Weiss R. et al. Randomized trial comparing cyanoacrylate embolization and radiofrequency ablation for incompetent great saphenous veins (VeClose). J Vas Sur. 2015;61(4):985–994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2014.11.071.Morrison N., Gibson K., McEnroe S., Goldman M., King T., Weiss R. et al. Randomized trial comparing cyanoacrylate embolization and radiofrequency ablation for incompetent great saphenous veins (VeClose). J Vas Sur. 2015;61(4):985–994. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jvs.2014.11.071.Morrison N., Gibson K., Vasquez M., Weiss R., Cher D., Madsen M. et al. VeClose trial 12-month outcomes of cyanoacrylate closure versus radiofrequency ablation for incompetent great saphenous veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2017;5(3):321–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2016.12.005.Morrison N., Gibson K., Vasquez M., Weiss R., Cher D., Madsen M. et al. VeClose trial 12-month outcomes of cyanoacrylate closure versus radiofrequency ablation for incompetent great saphenous veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2017;5(3):321–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2016.12.005.Gibson K., Morrison N., Kolluri R., Vasquez M., Weiss R., Cher D. et al. Twenty-four month results from a randomized trial of cyanoacrylate closure versus radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of incompetent great saphenous veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2018;6(5):606–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2018.04.009.Gibson K., Morrison N., Kolluri R., Vasquez M., Weiss R., Cher D. et al. Twenty-four month results from a randomized trial of cyanoacrylate closure versus radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of incompetent great saphenous veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2018;6(5):606–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jvsv.2018.04.009.Morrison N., Kolluri R., Vasquez M., Madsen M., Jones A., GibsonK. Comparison of cyanoacrylate closure and radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of incompetent great saphenous veins: 36-Month outcomes of the VeClose randomized controlled trial. Phlebology: J Ven Dis. 2018;34(6):380–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268355518810259.Morrison N., Kolluri R., Vasquez M., Madsen M., Jones A., GibsonK. Comparison of cyanoacrylate closure and radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of incompetent great saphenous veins: 36-Month outcomes of the VeClose randomized controlled trial. Phlebology: J Ven Dis. 2018;34(6):380–390. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0268355518810259.Morrison N., Gibson K., Vasquez M., Weiss R., Jones A. Five-year extension study of patients from a randomized clinical trial (VeClose) comparing cyanoacrylate closure versus radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of incompetent great saphenous veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2020;8(6):978–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.12.080.Morrison N., Gibson K., Vasquez M., Weiss R., Jones A. Five-year extension study of patients from a randomized clinical trial (VeClose) comparing cyanoacrylate closure versus radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of incompetent great saphenous veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2020;8(6):978–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jvsv.2019.12.080.Беленцов С.М. Клеевая технология устранения патологического вено-венозного рефлюкса при хронических заболеваниях вен нижних конечностей: ближайшие и отдаленные результаты. Амбулаторная хирургия. 2021;18(1):48–54. https://doi.org/10.21518/1995-1477-2021-18-1-48-54.Belentsov S.M. VenaSeal for vertical veno-venous reflux elimination in patients with chronic venous disease. Ambulatornaya Khirurgiya. 2021;18(1):48–54. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/ 10.21518/1995-1477-2021-18-1-48-54.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.