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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">asurgery</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Амбулаторная хирургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ambulatornaya khirurgiya = Ambulatory Surgery (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-8741</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-2591</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «ГРУППА РЕМЕДИУМ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21518/1995-1477-2020-3-4-95-100</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">asurgery-210</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОКТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROCTOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение ботулотоксина типа А в терапии хронической анальной трещины</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Botulinum toxin type A injections for treatment of chronic anal fissures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-5817</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абрицова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abritsova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абрицова Марьяна Владимировна, к.м.н., врач-колопроктолог, руководитель колопроктологической службы</p><p>123182, Россия, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariana V. Abritsova, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Coloproctologist, Head of Coloproctology Service</p><p>2, Schukinskaya St., Moscow, 123182, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abritsovamv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5834-8873</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торчуа</surname><given-names>Н. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torchua</surname><given-names>N. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Торчуа Нина Рафаэльевна, врач-колопроктолог</p><p>123182, Россия, Москва, ул. Щукинская, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina R. Torchua, Coloproctologist</p><p>2, Schukinskaya St., Moscow, 123182, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.r.torchua@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиника «Первая хирургия»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinic “First Surgery”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3-4</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абрицова М.В., Торчуа Н.Р., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абрицова М.В., Торчуа Н.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abritsova M.V., Torchua N.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.a-surgeon.ru/jour/article/view/210">https://www.a-surgeon.ru/jour/article/view/210</self-uri><abstract><p>Анальная трещина занимает одно из ведущих мест в структуре болезней прямой кишки, заболеваемость составляет 20–23 случая на 1 тыс. человек взрослого населения. Большинство острых анальных трещин заживают спонтанно, но часть может переходить в хроническое течение, для которого характерно наличие двух из ниже приведенных критериев: боль после дефекации, длящаяся более 3 мес., наличие сторожевого бугорка, обнажение волокон внутреннего сфинктера в дне дефекта анодермы.</p><p>Ведущим патогенетическим механизмом в развитии хронической анальной трещины является спазм внутреннего сфинктера, который приводит к нарушению кровоснабжения анодермы и появлению длительно не заживающего дефекта. Таким образом, методики лечения анальной трещины должны в первую очередь быть направлены на ликвидацию спазма внутреннего сфинктера, а затем на устранение уже собственно дефекта анодермы.</p><p>В настоящее время все большую популярность набирает использование ботулотоксина типа А в лечении хронических анальных трещин в качестве неинвазивного метода ликвидации спазма внутреннего сфинктера. Исследования ботулотоксина в качестве лекарственного средства начались с конца 1960-х гг. Спустя более чем 40 лет клиническая сфера применения ботулотоксина типа А широка и ежегодно регистрируются новые показания для применения данного препарата, в т. ч. и для лечения проктологических заболеваний.</p><p>Ботулотоксин способствует релаксации внутреннего сфинктера, и за счет этого создаются оптимальные условия для заживления хронической трещины. При этом его введение не сопряжено с серьезными осложнениями, а явления инконтиненции носят транзиторный характер.</p><p>В данном обзоре представлен опыт применения ботулотоксина типа А в лечении хронической анальной трещины.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An anal fissure is one of the most common diseases of the anal canal with the incident rate of 20–23 cases per 1000 citizens. Most of acute anal fissures are healed spontaneously but a few of them can become chronic process. Chronic anal fissures are characterized by any two of the criteria: pain after defecation lasts longer than 3 months, sentinel pile is present, fibers of internal sphincter at the base of the anoderm.</p><p>The spasm of the internal sphincter is a guiding pathogenetic mechanism in the development of chronic anal fissures. It leads to circulatory disorder in the anoderm and non-healing wounds. Therefore, the treatment of anal fissures primarily must be focus on eliminating of internal sphincter spasms and then excising of fissures.</p><p>Recently, botulinum toxin type A injection in treatment of chronic anal fissures has become popular as a noninvasive method of eliminating internal sphincter spasms.</p><p>Botulinum toxin as a medical agent has been studied since the late 1960s. Botulinum toxin type A has been used to treat of various pathologies including coloproctology diseases for more than 40 years.</p><p>The botulinum toxin injections make the internal sphincter relax, and as a result create optimal conditions for healing chronic anal fissures.</p><p>Using of botulinum toxin type A does not cause dangerous complication. Fecal incontinence after using botulinum toxin is transitory.</p><p>The review describes the use of botulinum toxin type A injections to treat chronic anal fissures.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анальная трещина</kwd><kwd>спазм внутреннего сфинктера</kwd><kwd>ботокс</kwd><kwd>диспорт</kwd><kwd>ботулотоксин</kwd><kwd>ботулинический токсин типа А</kwd><kwd>сфинктеротомия</kwd><kwd>пневмодивульсия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fissures</kwd><kwd>internal sphincter spasms</kwd><kwd>botulinum toxin type A</kwd><kwd>botox</kwd><kwd>disport</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Милитарев Ю.М., Врублевский В.А. Распространенность болезней прямой и ободочной кишок у взрослого населения Москвы. Проблемы проктологии. 1983;(4):6–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Militarev Yu.M., Vrublevskiy V.A. 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